en ژنتيك عمومي Genetics پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2f5496">Background & Objective:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Genetic factors play a major role in the development of male idiopathic infertility. Because of the multi-genetic base of this disease, not all genetic factors have been investigated. <i>PIWI</i> genes have been reported to be involved in the regulation of piRNAs in spermatogenesis. Our study assessed the association between <i>HIWI3</i> rs11703684 (C>T) gene polymorphism with the risk of male idiopathic azoospermia/oligozoospermia in the Kurdish population of Kermanshah.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2f5496">Materials & Methods:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> In this case-control investigation, we included two hundred individuals consisting of 100 men with idiopathic azoospermia/oligozoospermia and 100 fertile men as the control group. To determine genotypes of <i>HIWI3</i> C>T polymorphism, we used the Tetra Arms-PCR technique and significant values were considered as p<0.05.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2f5496">Results:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Our findings did not show a statistically significant difference in the genotype frequency of the recessive model (<i>P</i> = 0.118; OR = 0.158; CI, 0.019&ndash;1.339), dominant (<i>P</i> = 0.169; OR = 0.625; CI, 0.341&ndash;1.144) and co-dominant (<i>P</i> = 0.527; OR = 0.778; CI, 0.417&ndash;1.450). In addition, the results described a negative difference in allelic frequency of <i>HIWI3</i> (rs11703684 C>T) in men with idiopathic azoospermia/oligozoospermia and control group (<i>P</i> = 0.288; OR = 0.749; CI, 0.463&ndash;1.212). </span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2f5496">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The current study does not indicate the probability effect of <i>HIWI3</i> rs11703684 (C>T) gene polymorphism on the male idiopathic azoospermia/oligozoospermia in the Kurdish population of Kermanshah. The critical role of <i>PIWI</i> genes in spermatogenesis and as a candidate risk factor for male infertility remained unknown.</span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> Azoospermia, Oligozoospermia, rs11703684, PIWI, HIWI3 gene, Polymorphism 279 287 http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2027-5&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Sara Salimi سارا سلیمی 100319475328460028116 100319475328460028116 No Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran گروه ژنتیک مولکولی، واحد اهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهر، ایران Saeid Ghorbian سعید قربیان ghorbian20@yahoo.com 100319475328460028117 100319475328460028117 Yes Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran گروه ژنتیک مولکولی، واحد اهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهر، ایران Reza Alibakhshi رضا علی بخشی 100319475328460028118 100319475328460028118 No Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran گروه بیوشیمی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران Farahnaz Keshavarzi فرحناز کشاورزی 100319475328460028119 100319475328460028119 No Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran گروه زنان و زایمان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران