Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences

Background & Objective: Quality of life in different age groups can consider as good predictor of elderly quality of life. The purpose of present study is comparing quality of life in different age decade.

Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study performed in 1914 citizens of Tehran with SF36 questionnaire. Sample selection method was multistage classification. We used One Way ANOVA for analysis.

Results: Findings show that quality of life dimension reduced in role physical, physical activity, general health, mental health and bodily pain. (P- Value was less than 0.05 for role physical and less than 0.01 for all others). Falling in bodily pain started in 30 years old and for general health 40, physical activity and mental health 60 and role physical role 70 years old.

Conclusion: Based on our finding education and intervention for bodily pain should be started at age 30 years old and for general health in 40 years old. Age matched physical activity should be educated for people above 60 years old.

Background & Objective: CuO is one of the most important transition metal oxides due to its exclusive properties. It is used in various technological applications such as superconductors and gas sensors. Recently, it has been used as an antimicrobial agent against various bacterial species. In this study, we synthesized CuO nanoparticles and evaluated their antibacterial property.

Materials & Methods: Single crystalline nanoparticles of copper oxide having almost uniform particle size of 5-6 nm have been synthesized. The used technique is free from toxic solvents and amines, and it is based on a simple reaction of copper sulfate and De-ionized water (DI). In addition, their bactericidal effects against Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966T bacteria were investigated. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined with well diffusion method and liquid culture for all of the Aeromonas hydrophila culture Medias.

Results: XRD(X Ray Diffraction) spectra confirmed the formation of single phase CuO nanoparticles. A minimum crystallite size of 5-6 nm was observed in the case of CuO nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy results corroborate well with XRD results. CuO nanoparticles exhibited inhibitory effects against Gram-negative bacteria.

Conclusion: The present study confirms that copper oxide nanoparticles have great ability as an antimicrobial agent against Aeromonas hydrophila.

Background & Objective: Nanomedicine delivery systems are known as potent therapeutictools. In addition to possessing an effective agent of turmeric, Curcumin shows antibacterial properties as well. Curcumin is not water-soluble and it can be solved in water via nanotechnology-base methods. Chitosan is a natural and biodegradable substance that is utilized for the Production of Nanoparticles (NPs) carrying drug. In the following investigation, curcumin is loaded in chitosan NPs and ultimately, the resulting nano-drug is studied as an antibacterial agent.

<span style="line-height: 115% font-family: " b="" nazanin"="" font-size:="" 10pt="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman"="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman""="" dir="rtl"> Materials & Methods: In this study, NPs are produced using chitosan and Tripolyphosphate (TPP) salt. Curcumin solution was loaded in chitosan NPs during their production. Next, the skins of BALB/c mice infected with staphylococcus aureus are treated by curcumin-loaded chitosan NPs for 3 days. Afterwards, in order to evaluate the antibacterial property of the nano-drug, these skin suspensions of mice are cultured in bacterial medium.

Results: Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) reveals the charge of + 7 ± 2 mV and the size of 160 ± 10 nm in curcumin-loaded chitosan NPs. Moreover, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicates a spiral shape. Therefore, the evaluation of the optical density by spectrophotometry demonstrates that 75 ± 2 % of curcumin are loaded in chitosan NPs. Bacterial culture shows that curcumin-loaded chitosan NPs significantly inhibited staphylococcus aureus growth.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that curcumin-loaded chitosan NPs can be applied as a potent agent in treatment of bacterial skin infections.

Background & Objective: Epilepsy is one of the common neurological diseases and carbamazepine is an antiepileptic drug that causes oxidative stress, endocrine and the reproductive system long term disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of wheat germ oil, as a rich source of antioxidants on sex hormones and uterine tissue in epileptic mice treated with carbamazepine.

Materials & Methods: In this study 48 adult female mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8). Including: 1- control. 2- received pentylenetetrazol at dose of 40 (seizure control). 3- received pentylenetetrazol + carbamazepine at dose of 30. 4- received pentylenetetrazol + carbamazepine at dose of 180. 5- received pentylenetetrazol + carbamazepineat dose of 30 + wheat germ ‌oil receiver at dose of 500. 6- received pentylenetetrazol + carbamazepine at dose of 180 + wheat‌ germ ‌oil at dose of 500.(units of doses are as grams/kilogram of body weight). At the end of the treatment period, ELISA method was used to measure estrogen, progesterone and testosterone levels . In addition, histological studies were performed on the uterus. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test in SPSS20 software.

Results: Carbamazepine levels of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and except of myometrium, the uterine thickness and average uterine glands decreased significantly. In the group with wheat germ oil  + carbamazepine (30, 180), levels of mentioned factors changed near-normal significantly.

Conclusion: Results showed that the wheat germ oil improves reproductive system performance and reduces the complication of carbamazepine.  

Background & Objectives: Ecologic conditions affect production of effective pharmaceutical products. We evaluate the effect of ecologic conditions on antibacterial effects of herbal plants in Fars.

Materials & Methods: We collected eight plant species including Trachyspermum copticum, Withania somnifera, Laurus nobilis, Carum carvi, Thymus, Rosemary, Zataria multiflora, and Lavandula in Fasa and Sepidan.. Their antibacterial effects were studied by disk diffusion method, well assay method, and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Ecological and weather conditions were derived from internet.

Results: Comparing with standard antibacterial indexes the following results were achieved. Fasa herbs including Trachyspermum copticum, Zataria multiflora, Laurus nobilis, and Rosemary had the most effect on Staphylococcus aureus, while Carum carvi had the least effect. This effect in Sepidan herbs was the most in Trachyspermum copticum, Zataria multiflora, and Rosemary, while Carum carvi had the least effect. Surveying the effects against E.coli among Fasa herbs, Zataria multiflora had the most and Carum carvi and Lavandula had the least effects. On the other hand, among Sepidan herbs, Trachyspermum had the highest and Carum carvi, Lavandula, and Laurus nobilis had the lowest effects on E.coli. Antibacterial effects of Fasa herbs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most in Zataria multiflora and Thymus and the least in Carum carvi. In Sepidan herbs, it was the highest in Zataria multiflora and the lowest in Carum carvi.

Conclusion: Considering the differences in antibacterial effects of the herbs in two ecologic conditions, we suggest other researchers to pay attention to the mentioned effects in their studies.

Background & Objective: In this study the effects of this method on neonatal and the complaints and complications of mothers after Cesarean section by using pharmaceutical composition with opioids in intravenous analgesia pump are examined.

Materials & Methods: This study is an unidirectional clinical trial with a purposive sampling method on100 patients undergoing elective cesarean section in 2014 were admitted to the Sadjad hospital in Kermanshah. The patients were divided into two groups of 50 people, namely, pain control by using intravenous injection pump (intervention group) and pain control by using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (control group). Data collection tools, including check list of demographic, maternal and neonatal reflexes of discharge and a week after Cesarean. T-student test was used to compare quantitative variables and ratio test was used to compare qualitative variables. P values ​​less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results: Test results showed statistically significant differences in maternal complications between the intervention and control group at discharge (p<0/001). However, no significant difference in overall complications for the mothers between the intervention and control group during the first week after cesarean were showed. Also, in the case of neonatal reflexes  no significant differences between the two groups were observed.

Conclusion: By adding pharmaceutical compounds to the intravenous pumps, it is possible to provide further use of this method of analgesia in women who have undergone Cesarean.

Background & Objectives: Due to increase in  bacterial drug resistance, discovering new antibacterial compounds is really important. The objective of this study is to evaluate the phenol compounds effect on antibacterial activity of herbal extracts of Fasa-Fars province in vitro.

Materials & Methods: The antibacterial activity of 26 plants was studied by disk diffusion, well, and MIC methods in compare with 13 standard antibiotics against S. aureus and E. coli as control bacteria. Measurement of phenol compounds were performed by Seevers and Daly colorimetric methods using Folin-ciocalteu indicator.

Results: Inhibition zone of bacterial growth  against S. aureus in well and disk methods were 32 and 22 mm in using Zataria multiflora, respectively .And there were 23 and 16 mm against E. coli in Zataria multiflora, respectively. Less effects and inhibition zones, less than 15mm on both strains, were seen in using  Saturina hortensis, Cinamomum zeylanicum, ­Artemisia absinthium, ­Urtica dioica, Carum carvi L. cyminum Cuminum, Achillea fragrantissimia, Marticaria chamomilla, Zingiber officinale, Origanum majorana, and Plantago psyllium. Most effective MIC results, 7.8 µg/ml, were related to the extracts of Zataria multiflora, Carum copticum L. Rosmarinus officinalis L., and Laurus nobilis L. Phenol compound amounts were approximately between 66.51±1.9 and 233.15±5.1 mg/gr extract in Zataria multiflora and Plantago psyllium, respectively.

Conclusion: Results of antibacterial activity of extracts and relation with phenol compound amounts indicate the antibacterial effect of phenol compounds in herbal extracts.

Background & Objectives: Punica granatum is a non-productive form of a plant and is used for the treatment of diseases in traditional medicine. In this study, we evaluate the antibacterial activity and the total phenol compounds of Punica granatum.

Materials & Methods: Disk and well diffusion methods and MIC were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hydro-alcoholic extract on S. aureus and E. coli compared to standard commercial antibiotic disks. Measurement of phenol compounds were performed by Seevers and Daly colorimetric methods (Folin-ciocalteu indicator).

Results: 35 and 29 mm inhibition zones in S. aureus and 22 and 17 mm inhibition zones in E. coli were shown by disk and well diffusion method, respectively. Also, 7.8 mg/ml concentration of extract showed the MIC points for two bacteria. Phenol compound of extract was 233.15±5.1 mg/g of extraction.

Conclusion: Antibacterial effect of Punica granatum compared to antibiotics indicates the strong activity against examined bacteria. Extensive antibacterial study of Punica granatum is suggested.

Background & Objective: The research objective was to investigate the prevalence of infertility in renal transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive agents and compare the impact of tacrolimus (target of Rapamycin inhibitors (TOR-I)) and Cyclosporine on spermogram parameters after the transplantation.

Material & Methods: In this prospective study, from March 2013 to March 2014, all male patient who underwent renal transplantation and were treated with Tacrolimus or Cyclosporine, were included. Patients’ spermogram was analyzed in terms of sperm count and motility.

Results: Average sperm count in patients receiving cyclosporine and tacrolimus before the transplantation was 1.73 × 10⁶ and 2.08 × 10⁶ and after the transplantation was 1.2 × 10⁶ and 1.22 × 10⁶, respectively (P=0.008)(P=0.002). Average percentage of the motile sperms of patients treated with Cyclosporine, before the transplantation and start of immunosuppressive course was 45.10%, which decreased to 40.50% at the end of the course. The analysis indicated a significant reduction in sperm motility (P=0.001). Average percentage of the motile sperms of patients receiving Tacrolimus, before the transplantation and start of treatment was 46% that decreased to 38% after the transplantation. This finding presents the significantly reduced sperm motility (P=0.002). Finally, the effective sperm motility in patients treated with Cyclosporine was significantly higher than patients treated with Tacrolimus.

Conclusion: Tacrolimus reduces sperms’ motility in renal transplant patients significantly higher than Cyclosporine.

Background & Objective: Studies have shown that exposure to oil paint and chemical vapor emissions is followed by physiological disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of inhalation of oil-paint fumes of construction industry on serum level of FSH, LH, Estradiol and 17-Alpha- Hydroxyprogesterone in female rats.

Material & Methods: In this experimental study, 15 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and groups exposed to paint vapor emissions for 1 and 8 h/day. After 10 weeks, blood samples were prepared using cardiac puncture method and after serum preparation, level of FSH, LH, estradiol and 17-alpha- hydroxyprogesterone was measured by radioimmunoassay method and finally data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with a significance level of P<0.05

Results: The mean serum levels of FSH and LH in experimental groups which inhaled oil-paint fumes for 1 and 8 h/day increased significantly (P<0.001 and P<0.05) and the mean serum levels of estradiol and 17-alpha- hydroxyprogesterone in both groups had a significant reduction (P<0.001 and P<0.01) compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Results show that exposure to oil paint fumes, due to their components such as heavy metals and paint solvent, by some possible mechanisms such as free radical formation, and oxidative stress induction could disrupt the secretion of FSH, LH, Estradiol and 17-Alpha- Hydroxyprogesterone hormones

Background & Objective: NFκB is a dimeric transcription factor with multiple subunits. Phosphorylation of  p65 (one of NFκB subunits) by oxidative stress leads to the activation of NFκB. Imbalance between oxidative stress and cellular antioxidant capacity is the pathogenesis of many diseases. Consuming antioxidants in daily meal can be considered as a preventive strategy for inflammatory diseases. Among antioxidant components, curcumin is a natural polyphenol which is extracted from Tumeric. Curcumin can protect the human body from oxidative stress by neutralizing the free radicals.
Material & Methods: Bovine Endothelial Cells (BECs) were treated with different concentration of H₂O₂ (10, 20, 80, 200 μM). To investigate the inhibitory effect of curcumin on H₂O₂ mediated phosphorylation of p65_, BECs were incubated with 5 and 10μM concentration of curcumin. Protein concentration was measured by Bradford method and phosphorylation of p65 was assessed by western blotting.
Results: Our finding indicated that p65 phosphorylation was increased two fold in presence of H₂O₂ (200 μM) in comparison with control. The enhancing effect of H₂O₂ on p65 phosphorylation decreased at 30 min (P: 0.03) and 2 hours (P:0.015) after treatment with 10 μM dose of curcumin.
Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that one of anti-inflammatory mechanisms of curcumin is through NFκB pathway by inhibition of p65 subunit phosphorylation.
 
 

Background & Objective: Inflammation is an undesirable condition resulted from the effect of Arachidonic Acid metabolites especially prostaglandins. With regard to the side-effects of chemical anti-inflammatory medicines, this study was done aiming at examining the effect of 3D music on the extent of inflammation.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 20 male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 5 each, including healthy control group, inflammatory control group, inflammatory recipient of 50 ml of carrageenan1%, treated inflammatory with 2 mg per kg body weight dexamethasone and treated inflammatory with three-dimensional music player (8h). Finally, CRP blood test and weight difference between the injected right foot and the left foot were measured. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data through SPSS software.There was a significant mean difference between groups, using Tukey test at (p <0.05).
Results: CRP levels in treated groups by dexamethasone (10.6±3.24mg/l), and music (16±9.95mg/l), compared to the control group (37.8±5.24mg/l), were significantly decreased, which this decrease was more discernable in treated groups that received dexamethasone. The weight difference between the left and right foot in the treatment group (0.016±0.007g), (0.044±0.044g) compared to the control group (0.154±0.056g), was significantly decreased.
Conclusion: Dexamethasone can remove inflammation and three-dimensional music can reduce inflammation less than dexamethasone in the inflammatory animals.
 

Background & Objectives: Testicular Torsion is one of the emergency cases which is caused by twisting of the spermatic cord; Detorsion leads to the recirculation of blood and ultimately, more damage occurs in testis. Platelet-Rich plasma (PRP) contains several growth factors and cytokines that can restore tissue and rebuild cells, so in this study, PRP was used to evaluate its effects.
Materials & Methods: Twenty-eight adult male mice were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 6). The first group, is the healthy control, without testicular twisting. Group II: Torsion Detorsion (TD) + PBS (phosphate-buffer-solution) group, Group III: The TD + PRP group. In these two groups spermatic cord were twisted for one hour, and after detorsion, PBS and PRP were injected into the rete testis, respectively. 35 days after surgery, left testis was sampled for histomorphometrical examinations. Obtained data were statistically compared by ANOVA and post hoc-Tukey test (P <0.05).
Results: Obtained data from the mean thickness of germinal epithelium, diameter of seminiferous tubules (P<0.01), and, the spermatogenesis indices (P<0.001) were decreased significantly in TD+ PBS group. The thickness of the testis capsule and the lumen of seminiferous tubules showed a significant increase (P<0.01). While, PRP significantly improved these parameters (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Testicular TD causes many impacts and disorganization in the male reproductive system, and resulting infertility. It seems that, PRP due to possession ample of growth factors, able to relatively improve the undesirable effects of TD.
 

Background & Objective: Nystatin is an antifungal antibiotic commonly used for treatment of candidiasis and widely used against oral mycosis. However, the efficacy of its conventional dosage forms for use in oral cavity is limited by the short residence time and bitter taste of formulation. This research aims to design an optimized formulation of oral mucoadhesive tablets containing nystatin. Therefore, it can be retained in the mouth for long periods and it can cover bitter taste of drug and improve patient’s compliance.
Materials & methods: The method of tablet preparation was direct compression. Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose, Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose, Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose, and Carbopol were used as mucoadhesive polymers. Different types of tablets were formulated using these polymers alone or in combination. The profile of drug released from each tablet was analyzed. The optimum formulation was selected and pharmaceutical analysis and mucoadhesive test were done on it.
Results: The optimum mucoadhesive tablet formulation containing nystatin is prepared using sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose. In this formulation 70% of nystatin was released in the first 30 min. It has an acceptable mucoadhesive property.
Conclusion: Nystatinmucoadhesive tablet containing sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose prepared by direct compression method could be used to adhere to the oral mucosa with great appeal and elongation contacting time with localized infection. Therefore, it can lead to the improvemen of the patient’s compliance for treatment.