en عفوني Infectious disease مروری Review <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The continuing emergence or re-emergence of vector-borne zoonotic Q fever (caused by <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>) and Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF, caused by <i>Orthonairovirus</i>) include indispensable extraordinary threat around the world. Low infectious dose and long-term environmental residence are major risks. Wildlife and domestic livestock act as hosts or reservoirs of the CCHF virus and ticks are carriers. The disease also poses a threat to public health services owing to its epidemic potential, high case fatality ratio (up to 40%) as well as difficulties in treatment, prevention, and control. Q fever is another zoonotic febrile disease mainly affecting workers involved in farming livestock. The causative agent of Q fever causes abortion in livestock. The pathogen is shed in large numbers in the waste of infected animals (amniotic fluids and placenta during parturition) and is transmitted by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Vaccination&nbsp;is the&nbsp;most effective way&nbsp;of protecting against&nbsp;Q fever. The main way to prevent Q fever is to avoid contact with animals, especially while animals are giving birth, or consumption of unpasteurized milk and contaminated dairy products. Due to the increasing importation of livestock to meet the growing demand for dairy and meat products, new diseases are likely to be introduced. In our growing globalized world, where trade between countries increases, it is necessary to conduct more research on zoonotic diseases and to monitor any possible disease introduction to new areas. A continuing surveillance program and pathogen testing are important in tracking the emergence of new pathogens.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> Zoonoses, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, Risk factors 240 249 http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1709-8&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Abdolmajid Ghasemian عبدالمجید قاسمیان 100319475328460027183 100319475328460027183 Yes Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran مرکز تحقیقات بیماری‌های غیرواگیر، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی فسا، فسا، ایران Shaden MH Mubarak شادن مبارک 100319475328460027184 100319475328460027184 No Department of Biochemistry, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq گروه بیوشیمی، دانشگاه کوفه، نجف، عراق Mojtaba Memarian مجتبی معماریان 100319475328460027185 100319475328460027185 No Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran مرکز تحقیقات پوست، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران Hamed Memarian حامد معماریان 100319475328460027186 100319475328460027186 No Skin Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran گروه بیوشیمی، دانشگاه کوفه، نجف، عراق Sarvenaz Falsafi سروناز فلسفی 100319475328460027187 100319475328460027187 No Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده علوم و فنون پیشرفته، واحد علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Najafiolya Zahra زهرا نجفی علیا 100319475328460027188 100319475328460027188 No Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده علوم و فنون پیشرفته، واحد علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Shokouhi Mostafavi Seyyed Khalil سید خلیل شکوهی مصطفوی 100319475328460027189 100319475328460027189 No Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده پزشکی، واحد علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران