@article{ author = {Amiri, Ali and Karimi, Ali Asghar and Zakeri, Habibolah and Zamani, Leyl}, title = {Vitamin D deficiency and stroke}, abstract ={Vitamin D comprises a group of fat-soluble pro-hormones, obtained from sun exposure, food, and supplements, and it must undergo two hydroxylation reactions to be activated in the body. Several studies have shown the role of vitamin D in mineral metabolism regulation, especially calcium, phosphorus, and bone metabolism. Some factors such as inadequate vitamin intake and liver or kidney disorders can lead to vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, vitamin D malnutrition may also be linked to susceptibility to chronic diseases such as heart failure, peripheral artery disease, high blood pressure, cognitive impairment including foggy brain and memory loss, and autoimmune diseases including diabetes type I. Recent research has revealed that low levels of vitamin D increase the risk of cardiovascular-related morbidity (Sato et al., 2004) and mortality (Pilz et al., 2008). Also, hypertension contributes to a reduction in bone mineral density and increase in the incidence of stroke and death. This article reviews the function and physiology of vitamin D and examines the effects of vitamin D deficiency on susceptibility to stroke, as a cardiovascular event, and its morbidity and subsequent mortality.}, Keywords = {Vitamin D, Physiology, Cardiovascular morbidity, Stroke}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {121-126}, publisher = {Fasa University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.html}, eprint = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {2783-1523}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {MiriFarahani, Leyla and AbbasiShavazi, Mohammad Jalal}, title = {Caesarean Section Change Trends in Iran and Some Demographic Factors Associated with them in the Past Three Decades}, abstract ={Nowadays, the health care system of many communities is encountering a common problem: the growing number of women undergoing the Caesarean section (CS). One of these countries is Iran. This article presents an overall review on the research conducted hitherto in Iran on the reasons for the growth in the number of CS deliveries in the past three decades. We considered demographic factors, including age, birth order, race, place of delivery (private or public hospital), region (urban or rural), and education, to evaluate the results. Unfortunately, the results show a significant rise in the number of CS deliveries performed in Iran. The results reveal a three-time increment in the number of CS deliveries done in the recent years compared to three decades ago. The causes of this growth may be the increase in the marriage age, late age childbirth, increase in the number of employed women, better access to health services, and advances in technology, all of which seem to have created a vicious circle contributing to the inordinate rise in the prevalence of CS. The results of this research demonstrate a surge in the number of CS deliveries in Iran. The results necessitate that further studies be undertaken with a broader range of samples (for example, a nationwide research) to identify the demographic factors associated with the escalation in the number of CS deliveries and to provide appropriate solutions.}, Keywords = {Demographic Factors; Caesarean Section (CS); Iran, Change Trends}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {127-134}, publisher = {Fasa University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.html}, eprint = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {2783-1523}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Madanchi, Hamid and Honari, Hossein and Safaei, Sadegh and Sayadmanesh, Ali}, title = {Fusion of Cholera toxin B subunit (ctxB) with Shigella dysenteriae type I toxin B subunit (stxB), Cloning and Expression that in E. coli}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Shiga toxin (STx) is the main virulence factor in Shigella Dysenteriae type I and is composed of an enzymatic subunit STxA monomer and a receptor-binding STxB homopentamer. Shigella toxin B subunit (STxB) is a non-toxic homopentameric protein responsible for toxin binding and internalization into target cells by interacting with glycolipid (Gb3). Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) has been known as a mucosal adjuvant for vaccines and genetic fusions of CTB with several hetroantigens such as stxB and can increase humoral and mucosal immunity response.Materials and Methods: In this study, after primer designing, the ctxB and stxB genes were amplified by PCR and cloned into the pGEM-T vector. The stxB gene with a nonfurin linker was fused to the ctB gene in the pGEM vector via the restriction enzyme method and thereafter the fused genes of ctB-stxB were subcloned in the pET28a(+) as an expression vector. The expressed chimeric protein was induced with IPTG and evaluated via the SDS.PAGE and Western blot techniques. Result: The pET28a (+)/ctxB-stxB expression vector was confirmed by endonuclease digestion, PCR, and sequence analysis. The CTB-STB fusion protein was confirmed by the SDS-PAGE and Western-blot. Conclusion: The CTB-STB recombinant protein can be used as a new and desirable mucosal vaccine for Shigella Dysenteriae type I.}, Keywords = {Adjuvant; CTB; Nonfurin linker; StxB; Shigella Dysenteriae type I}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {135-141}, publisher = {Fasa University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.html}, eprint = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {2783-1523}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Seidi, Masoomeh and Zardosht, Roghih}, title = {Survey of Nurses\' Viewpoints on Causes of Medicinal Errors and Barriers to Reporting in Pediatric Units in Hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Patient safety is the principal concern of current health care delivery systems, and several recent studies initiated by the Institute of Medicine have reported a high incidence of medicinal errors. Of the approximately 44000-98000 patient deaths reported each year because of medical errors, 7000 are attributed to medicinal errors. The purpose of this study was to determine nurses' perceptions of causes of medicinal errors and barriers to reporting them in the pediatric wards of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited156 nurses working in general pediatric units via the convenience sample method. A questionnaire containing four sections was used: the first section on demographic information the second on the reasons for medicinal errors the third on the estimation of the percentage of medicinal errors occurring in the units and the final section on the reasons for failing to report the medicinal errors. Results: The most important medicinal errors from the nurses' viewpoint were failure to check medicinal orders (73.9%) and errors in the medication administration (64%). The nurses estimated that only 45% of all the medicinal errors were reported, and they cited a lack of knowledge about unit policies and routines (59.8%) and negligence to report (59.8%) as the most important reasons for the failure to report the errors. Conclusion: We need to improve the accuracy of medicinal error reporting by nurses and to provide a hospital environment conducive to preventing errors from occurring.}, Keywords = {Medication Error, Pediatrics, Nurse, Barriers to Reporting}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {142-147}, publisher = {Fasa University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-35-en.html}, eprint = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-35-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {2783-1523}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Ashraf, Hossein and Heydari, Reza and Nejati, Vahid and Ilkhanipoor, Minoo}, title = {Preventive Effect of Berberis Integerrima on the Serum Levels of Glucose and Lipids in Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Diabetes in Rats}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Use of medicinal plants for attenuation of hyperglycemia and restoration of lipids to normal level is clinically very important. We decided to assess the preventive role of aqueous extract of Berberis Integerrima root on the serum levels of glucose, insulin, and lipid profile in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: Forty male rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: 1- normal (N) 2- normal + barberry (N+B) (they received barberry root extract for 6 weeks) 3- diabetic (D) (they received STZ, 65 mg/kg BW /i.p.) 4- diabetic + barberry before (D+Bb) (they received barberry root extract for 3 weeks before STZ injection and continued for another three weeks) and 5- diabetic + barberry after (D+Ba) (three days after STZ injection, they received barberry root extract for 3 weeks). The experimental groups received barberry root extract (500 mg/kg bw) intra gastric by gavage for 6 weeks and the experimental period for each rat was 6 weeks.Results: Diabetic rats showed a significant increase in serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and food intake as well as a decrease in HDL-C, body weight and serum insulin, compared to the other groups. Administration of the barberry root extract in diabetic rats restored these changes towards normal to some extent.Conclusion: In this study, for the first time, we showed that the administration of the barberry root extract before diabetes induction resulted in better amelioration in the serum levels of glucose, insulin, and lipid profile, compared to the group receiving it after induction: this indicates that the barberry root extract can play both a preventive and a therapeutic role in such patients.}, Keywords = {Berberis Integrrima, Streptozotocin, Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, Diabetes mellitu}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {148-155}, publisher = {Fasa University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-36-en.html}, eprint = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-36-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {2783-1523}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Bashirian, Saeid and Haidarnia, Alireza and Allahverdipour, Hamid and Hajizadeh, Ebrahim}, title = {Application of Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Factors of Substance Abuse in Adolescents}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Adolescence is the most critical period of life as regards commencing drug abuse. The social cost and damage caused by drug abuse in adolescence are enormous, necessitating interventional programs to prevent this behavior. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is perhaps the most influential theory for the prediction of social and health behaviors such as drug abuse.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, samples were collected from male students in four high schools in different regions of Hamedan. The survey was carried out via random cluster sampling of 650 students. Data were collected using the standard self-report questionnaires and were analyzed using SPSS16, chi-squared test, correlation coefficient, and logistic regression analysis.Results: Among the adolescents participating in this study, 11.1% had the experience of cigarette smoking, 3.4% had the experience of drug abuse, and 12% had the experience of intention to abuse drugs. There was a significant relationship between drug abuse and the following variables: smoking experience (p value =0.001, OR=27.238) having drug user parents (p value =0.001, OR=8.630) having friends who had experienced drug abuse (p value =0.001, OR=11.060) having best friends who had experienced drug abuse (p value = 0.001, OR=11.931) family with drug abuse (p value = 0.001, OR=4.311) and having a sibling who abused drugs (p value=0.001, OR=15.815). According to the logistic regression analysis, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control were the most influential predictors of intention to abuse drugs.Conclusion: The use of TPB is beneficial in the predicting and planning for high-risk behaviors. TPB can be used for planning and implementing drug abuse prevention programs in adolescents.}, Keywords = {Adolescent, Attitude, Intention, Substance Abuse}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {156-162}, publisher = {Fasa University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-38-en.html}, eprint = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-38-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {2783-1523}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Afghari, Narsis and Rabiei, Samira and Rashidipoorfard, Nafiseh and Poornaghshband, Paiman and Rastmanesh, Rez}, title = {Short-Term and Mid-Term Effects of Fasting and Downset Meal Pattern on Dietary Intakes, Anthropometric Parameters, and Glycemic and Lipid Profile in Fasting Women}, abstract ={Background and Objective: This study assessed the mid-term changes in anthropometrical and biochemical factors as well as nutritional status and physical activity level with regard to nocturnal eating during Ramadan, for the first time.Materials and Methods: Via an easy sampling, the cohort study was conducted in 49 women aged between 20 and 45 years who were recruited from Shahid Motahari Hospital in Isfahan. The subjects were divided into two groups based on their nocturnal eating pattern. Anthropometrical and biochemical parameters were measured three days before Ramadan, on the third day of Ramadan, and thirty days after the end of Ramadan. A 147 food items frequency questionnaire was used for the assessment of nutritional status t. Repeated measure test was employed to determine changes over time, and the interaction effects between times and nocturnal eating status. Results: The body weight and body mass index of the women who consumed the nocturnal meal was significantly different from those of the subjects who did not consume the downset meal (p value =0.006). There were significant differences in energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake as well as serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and physical activity levels between the three time periods. Serum glucose, cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion: Ramadan fasting has beneficial effects on the body weight and body mass index. Fasting causes some changes in the lipid profile these changes can be attributed to changes in dietary habits and physical activity level during Ramadan, rather than nocturnal eating status.}, Keywords = {Fasting, Weight, Lipid Profile}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {199-209}, publisher = {Fasa University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-119-en.html}, eprint = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-119-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {2783-1523}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Totonchi, Maryam and Samani, Siamak and ZandiGhashghaei, Keramatallah}, title = {Mediating Role of Self-Concept in Perfectionism and Mental Health of Adolescents in the City of Shiraz in 2012}, abstract ={Background and Objective: The goal of this study was to describe the mediating role of self-concept in perfectionism and mental health.Materials and Methods: The sample group in this study included 400 high school students (200 boys and 200 girls) from Shiraz with the mean age of 16.37±0.93 for the girls and 16.12±0.63 for the boys. Data were gathered through the application of three scales: Mandaglio and Pyerist Self-concept Scale (P.M.S.P.S) Depression and Anxiety and Stress Scale of Lovibond and Lovibond (DASS-21) and Negative and Positive Perfectionism Scale of Terri-Short et.al. The validity and reliability of these scales were reviewed during this study.   Results: The result of the Path analysis test showed the mediating role of self-concept in perfectionism and mental health. This analysis illustrated that negative and positive perfectionism, both in a direct and indirect way, had a significant role in mental health. The rate of the direct effect of positive perfectionism on mental health was 0.17 (p value ;amplt0.001) and the rate of the indirect variable through self-concept was 0.06 (p value ;amplt0.001). Also, the rate of the direct effect of negative perfectionism on mental health was 0.39 (p value ;amplt0.001) and rate of the indirect effect of this variable on self-concept was 0.01(p value ;amplt0.001).Conclusion: the findings of this study showed that self-concept had a mediating role in mental health and perfectionism. In other words, positive perfectionism of a person has a positive effect on self-concept and, as a result, positive self-concept confers mental health improvement. On the other hand, negative perfectionism leading to a decrease in mental health and an increase in excitement problems of a person.}, Keywords = {Perfectionism, Mental health, Self-concept}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {210-217}, publisher = {Fasa University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-126-en.html}, eprint = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-126-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {2783-1523}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Tafvizi, Farzaneh and TajabadiEbrahimi, Maryam}, title = {DNA Fingerprinting Based on Repetitive Sequences of Iranian Indigenous Lactobacilli Species by (GTG)5- REP-PCR}, abstract ={Background and Objective: The use of lactobacilli as probiotics requires the application of accurate and reliable methods for the detection and identification of bacteria at the strain level. Repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR), a DNA fingerprinting technique, has been successfully used as a powerful molecular typing method to determine taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate and detect the genetic diversity of lactobacilli species isolated from different sources in Iran. Material and Methods: Twenty strains were isolated from Iranian traditional yoghurt, cheese, and Tarkhineh. PCR-mediated amplification was carried out by degenerate primers. Sequencing was performed after purification of the PCR product. The rep-PCR fingerprinting by (GTG) 5 oligonucleotide primers was conducted for the discrimination and genotypic grouping of isolates. Results: Isolates were deposited as novel stains of lactobacillus casei, brevis, plantarum, and Entrococcus facium in GenBank. Clustering methods were performed on molecular data by NTSYS software, which was also supported by PCO ordination plot. The rep-PCR profiles showed that the 20 isolates produced different banding patterns. In UPGMA dendrogram, three main clusters were formed. Conclusion: According to our findings, rep-PCR appeared to be a very practical method and highly sensitive in the discrimination of the lactobacillus species. The results of sequencing corresponded to the clustering in dendrogram.}, Keywords = {Lactobacillus, genetic relationship, (GTG) 5-PCR fingerprinting}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {218-226}, publisher = {Fasa University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-127-en.html}, eprint = {http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-127-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {2783-1523}, year = {2012} }