Showing 16 results for Mice
Noushin Sohrabi, Majid Tebyanyan, Mehdi Mahdavi,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (5-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Invasive Aspergillosis is a fatal infection in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of infectious with Aspergillus and tumor on immune response and cytokine network in Aspergillus infected tumor-bearing mice. Materials and Methods: Mice were implanted by sterile pieces of mouse mammary tumor and then infected by Aspergillus conidia by IV injection. Control groups mice were infected with Aspergillus conidia and/or implanted by sterile funga pieces of mouse mammary tumor. Seven days after Aspergillus infection, cytokine production of extracted splenocytes was analyzed by ELISA method.
Results: Tumor bearing mice which were infected with Aspergillus conidia showed remarkable increase in IL-4 production. Conversely, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 were decreased and TNF-α was increased moderately.
Conclution: Probably, Aspergillus infection could change cytokine production from CD4+ T helper cells and acquired immunity of tumor bearing mice. This point may be considered for better management of Aspergillus-infected patients suffering from cancer.
Vahid Hemayatkhah Jahromi, Hojatallah Karimi Jashni, Mozhdeh Mosallanezhad, Monireh Mosallanezhad, Hooshangh Jamali, Peyman Izadpanah,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (5-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objective: The vast use of microwave ovens in today's modern life and possible exposure of users to radiation exited from the oven lead us to investigate the effect of this radiation on sex hormones. In the present study, the effect of microwave ovens radiation leakage on concentration of LH, FSH and testosterone hormones has been investigated.
Materials & Methods: Thirteen immature two weeks- old male mice which weighing about 10 grams were used in this experimental study. Animals were randomly divided into 3 groups. Each group contained 10 mice. Experimental group 1 and 2 were exposed to microwave oven 30 and 90 minutes daily for 30 days, respectively. The control group received no radiation. Animals were anaesthetized and serum samples were stored. The concentration of testosterone, FSH and LH hormones were measured by RAI method.
Results: The serum testosterone levels showed significant decrease in experimental group 2. But levels of LH and FSH indicate no significant different in experimental group 1 and 2 when compared to control group.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that radiation leakage of microwave ovens might causes dysfunction in the levels of testosterone hormone secretion.
Aziz Japoni, Mojtaba Anvarinejad, Shohre , Daviid Mehrbani, ,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent that stops the replication of DNA, which is used to treat various types of cancer and some autoimmune disorders. This study was aimed at then evaluating the immunomodulating effect of cyclophosphamide (Cy) on the immune system of vaccinated and non-vaccinated mice.
Materials & Methods: The study was performed on three groups of mice consisting of vaccinated, non-vaccinated and control groups. Vaccination was carried out by three separated courses of C. albicans injection intraperitoneally. Then, the vaccinated group received Cy on day zero and were challenged with lethal doses of C. albicans on days zero, one, 3, 6 and 12 post-Cy injection. Non-vaccinated group received Cy on day zero and similar to vaccinated ones were challenged with lethal doses of the organism. The control groups received just Cy on day zero and were sacrificed on days post-Cy injection. Then, the hemogram and the spleen and the renal tissues were studied microscopically and macroscopically.
Results: In the vaccinated group, an increase in survival time, the number of polymorphonuclear and the significant hyperplasia in the white pulp on days 6 and 12 post-Cy injection were noticed. In non-vaccinated ones, these factors had significant decrease on days 1 and 3.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the hyperplasia in the white pulp of spleen and an increasing in peripheral polymorphonuclear due to the selective effects of Cy could effectively protect the animal against C. albicans infection.
Bagher Seyedalipour, Masumeh Oshrieh, Ramezan Khanbabaee,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Zinc is an essential trace element which plays a key role in the growth and the development of the embryo during pregnancy. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on embryonic development and to assess the weight of body, kidney, and liver in Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice.
Materials & Methods: 25 female of NMRI mice weighting 30±3.0 gram were randomly divided into five groups (five in each group, four experimental groups and one control group). Mice in experimental groups one, two, three, and four received intraperitoneal ZnO nanoparticle with the concentrations of 50,100,150, and 200 mg / kg, respectively during 15 days (every other day). At the end, the weight of the body, the kidney, and the liver of the pregnant mice and the embryos were measured. In addition, histopathological evaluations were performed on embryos. The data were analyzed by SAS software in P≤0.05.
Results: Based on the macroscopic observations, the embryo and the kidney weights decreased and increased, respectively with increasing different concentrations of nanoparticle compared with controls (P≤0.05). Our data showed that at different concentrations of nanoparticles, the distance, the size, and the number of vertebral bodies increased compared to the control group. At the concentration of 150 mg/kg, an accumulation of mesenchymal cells for cartilage were observed and it seems that high dose of nanoparticles prevents embryo growth.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that ZnO nanoparticles cause embryonic developmental delay, undifferentiated and disorganized vertebral bodies in NMRI mice.
Dr Behnam Jedi-Behnia, Dr Saeid Abbasi Maleki, Dr Elahe Mousavi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Previous researches have revealed analgesic and sedative properties of Mentha spicata (MS). The aim of present study was to evaluate the antidepressant effects of MS essential oil in forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in male mice.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 84 male mice were randomly divided into 14 groups of 6: Negative control groups received normal saline (10 ml/kg,i.p.), positive control groups received fluoxetine (20mg/kg, i.p.) and imipramine (30mg/kg) and treatment groups received MS essential oil (30, 60,120 and 240 mg/kg i.p.). In FST, immobility time, swimming time and climbing time and immobility time in TST were recorded in six minutes.
Results: Findings indicated that essential oil at doses of 120 and 240 mg/kg, fluoxetine and imipramine reduced immobility time compared to control group in FST and TST (p<0.001). Also, this essential oil and fluoxetine increased swimming time (p<0.001) without significant change of climbing time (p>0.05). In contrast, imipramine increased climbing time without any significant change in swimming time (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, MS essential oil has antidepressant-like activity similar to fluoxetine and probably their compounds (especially carvone) with serotonergic mechanism induced their effect. However, further studies are needed to determine the precise mechanism of its action.
Shahram Saghaei, Saeid Abbasi Maleki,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Coriandrum sativum L (CS) has different pharmacological properties such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-stress effects. Hence, in the present study the effects of CS essential oil on naloxone -induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice was investigated.
Material & Methods: In this experimental study, 60 male albino mice were used. The animals were divided into 10 groups of 6, including carrier (10 ml/kg), clonidine (3.5 mg/kg), and different doses of CS essential oil (400, 600, and 800 mg/kg). Tolerance and dependency on morphine were induced by administration of different doses of morphine (50, 50, 75, and 50 mg/kg, respectively) in a 4-day schedule. On the last day, after administration of single dose of morphine, Naloxone (5 mg /kg) was injected and the number of jumps was recorded within 30 minutes.
Results: Results showed that all doses of CS essential oil and clonidine, compared to control group, significantly decreased the number of jumping in both tolerance and dependence stage (P<0.001).Also, only high (800mg/kg) and all doses of essential oil reduced the number of jumping during tolerance and dependence stages respectively, better than clonidine .
Conclusion: Based on present study findings, it is concluded that, probably the existing linalool in CS could decrease the number of jumps from tolerance and dependence in morphine- dependent mice. Of course, further studies are required to clarify their exact mechanism of action.
Sahar Fadaei, Saeid Valipour Chahardahcharic, Hosein Sazgar,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Postpartum depression appears to be a harmful condition affecting mothers and their babies negatively. Regarding their side effects, the tendency to use antidepressants has especially fallen in nursing mothers. Considering the effect of zinc on mood, this study was conducted to determine the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles on postpartum depression in female mice.
Material & Methods: In this experimental study, the adult female mice of NMARI breed (25-30gr) were divided into six groups respectively (n=8): 1) Control 2) Depressed group 3, 4, 5) Depressed groups treated with a dose of zinc oxide nanoparticles including (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) 6) Depressed groups treated for 8 days with a dose of 5 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticles.
First, the studied animals were depressed by intraperitoneal injection of 5mg/kg progesterone for 5 days. The control group received no drug or solvent. The assessment of depression rate on the eighth day after the start of administration of progesterone was conducted by forced swim test.
Results: The zinc oxide nanoparticles at doses 10 mg/kg (P< 0.01) and 20 mg/kg (P< 0.05) and also at 5 mg/kg dose for 8 days (P< 0.01) led to a significant decrease in immobilization time in depressed mice.
Conclusion: Administration of progesterone induces depression, and thus, increases the period of immobilization of mice. The zinc oxide nanoparticles reduced the symptom of postpartum depression in forced swim test. The findings can be used to show the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the reduction of postpartum depression.
Behzad Najmi Kargan, Ali Kargari Rezapour, Rasoul Sharifi,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Humans are widely exposed to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate that it can rise obesity and type 2 diabetes epidemics. The object of this study was to investigate the effects of oral di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) at minimum and maximum levels on glycemic response in mice.
Material & Methods: An interventional study with 15 adult male mice was designed. Mice were randomly assigned to 3 equal groups: control, 1x phthalate (dose of 250 mg/kg/day), 2x phthalate (dose of 500 mg/kg/day) and treated for a period of 8 weeks. At the end of the seventh week study all mice were tested by oral glucose tolerance test and area under curve (AUC) was calculated for each sample. In the end, fasting blood samples were used to measure the variables (Glucose, Insulin, HOMA_IR, Quicki of serum and HbA1C of total blood). The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan tests. The significant difference in the data was considered P >0.01.
Results: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate at low dose (250 mg/kg) showed significant increase in serum glucose and insulin resistance levels and also quicki levels decreased significantly compared to other groups (P <0.01). This study showed no significant changes in insulin serum, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of total blood and area under the curve in glucose tolerance test (P >0.01).
Conclusion: In the present study, it showed di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate at low dose (250 mg/kg) impaired blood sugar control systems and this can lead in pre-diabetes.
Arezo Mostaghimi, Parvin Torabzadeh Khorasani, Mina Ramezani,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2018)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Retinoic acid is recognized as a regulator of the growth and cell differentiation and is necessary for normal reproductive in male and female. The present study was done to investigate the effect of retinoic acid on the uterine tissue and estradiol and progesterone hormones in female adult BALB/c mice.
Material & Methods: In this study after determining the appropriate dose of retinoic acid, it was injected intraperitoneally (IP) for 30 days On 75 adult BALB/c mice with doses of 15 (Group I), 25 (Group II), and 35mg/kg.b.w (Group III), control group (non- injection) and sham (distilled water injection). ANOVA analysis and Duncan test were applied to compare the means with significance level (P˂0.05) and (P˂0.001).
Results: Uterine tissue studies indicated an increase in overall thickness of the uterus (endometrium, myometrium, perimeterum) (P<0.001), (P<0.05) increase number of closed glands, and decrease in open glands (P<0.001). The level of estradiol increased (P<0.05) and progesterone secretion decreased (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that retinoic acid has damaging effect on the uterus tissue and sexual hormones, and its use especially in female should be by awareness and under physician supervision.
Nasim Mirzaei, Gholamreza Kaka, Mahnaz Azarnia,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2018)
Abstract
Background & Objective: The use of herbal medicine rapidly increased because in comparison with chemical drugs they have less harmful health effects. Since some pregnant women due to have joint and muscle pains may be taken administration of Elaeagnus angustifolia by their own or physicians and the use of Elaeagnus angustifolia may have adverse effects on their fetuses development. This study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia on histomorphometric changes of the hippocampus of mouse fetuses.
Material & Methods: : Twenty-one pregnant mice were randomly divided into three groups. The control group received sufficient amount of drinking water, the sham group received 20 ml of water (solvent of Elaeagnus angustifolia) daily and the experimental group received aqueous Elaeagnus angustifolia extract at dose of 500 mg / kg daily from 0 to 20 days of gestation. Pregnant mice were killed on the 20th day of pregnancy and the fetuses were removed and examined for external congenital malfomations. Fetal body weights and crown-to-rump lengths were measured. The head of fetuses were fixed and processed and were then embedded and their heads were coronally sectioned and were then stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Finally the hippocampus of fetal brain were examined using a light microscope and the Motic software. Finally, the thickness and cell number of radial, stratum oriens, molecular and ventricular hippocampus were evaluated using ligth microscopy and Motic software.
Results: Mean fetal weight and CRL of fetuses and mean thickness of ventricular layer in CA1 and CA2 significantly increased in experimental group compared to control and sham groups. The mean thickness of radiatum layer of CA3 significantly decreased in experimental group compared to control and sham groups. Additionally, mean number of cells in ventricular layer of CA1 significantly increased in experimental group compared to control and sham groups.
Conclusion: Administration of aqueous extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia to pregnant mice can cause changes in fetal development and cause some changes in the hippocampal formation CA1 and CA3 neuronal layer in the mouse embryo.
Fatemeh Aghaei Borashan, Rasoul Shahrooz, Abbas Ahmadi, Ramin Mazaheri Khamene, Mehdi Imani,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Testicular Torsion is one of the emergency cases which is caused by twisting of the spermatic cord; Detorsion leads to the recirculation of blood and ultimately, more damage occurs in testis. Platelet-Rich plasma (PRP) contains several growth factors and cytokines that can restore tissue and rebuild cells, so in this study, PRP was used to evaluate its effects.
Materials & Methods: Twenty-eight adult male mice were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 6). The first group, is the healthy control, without testicular twisting. Group II: Torsion Detorsion (TD) + PBS (phosphate-buffer-solution) group, Group III: The TD + PRP group. In these two groups spermatic cord were twisted for one hour, and after detorsion, PBS and PRP were injected into the rete testis, respectively. 35 days after surgery, left testis was sampled for histomorphometrical examinations. Obtained data were statistically compared by ANOVA and post hoc-Tukey test (P <0.05).
Results: Obtained data from the mean thickness of germinal epithelium, diameter of seminiferous tubules (P<0.01), and, the spermatogenesis indices (P<0.001) were decreased significantly in TD+ PBS group. The thickness of the testis capsule and the lumen of seminiferous tubules showed a significant increase (P<0.01). While, PRP significantly improved these parameters (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Testicular TD causes many impacts and disorganization in the male reproductive system, and resulting infertility. It seems that, PRP due to possession ample of growth factors, able to relatively improve the undesirable effects of TD.
Mehrdad Modaresi, Masoume Amoorizi,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Many anti stress drugs have a lot of side effects on learning. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Rosemary plant and Alprazolam on learning under stress conditions in laboratory mice.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 60 adult female rats were used. In order to investigate the learning capacity under stress conditions, the rats were divided into 6 groups of control, stress, alprazolam and the three experimental groups that received the hydro-alcoholic extract of rosemary plants at doses of 50, 100 and 200. In all of the samples (except the control group) 30 minutes after injection, the mice were placed in a dark box for 50 minutes for stress. Subsequently, observational behaviors of the rats were recorded by using mouse maze. The results were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that rosemary hydro alcoholic extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg compared to the stress and alprazolam group significantly decreased the time to reach the target box in the Maze form, which indicates a reduction on effect of stress on the learning, while the number of errors in selecting the target box (reaching the target) at a dose of 200 mg/kg shows a significant decrease with the stress and drug group.
Conclusion: According to the results, effective compounds in rosemary extract in two doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg can increase the learning in these conditions with the effect of reducing stress.
Hamid Reza Hasanzadeh Khanmiri, Rasoul Shahrooz, Shapour Hasanzadeh, Golam Reza Najafi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Busulfan (BSF) besides the therapeutic effects, performs oxidative stress and decreasing fertilizing capacity. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Crocin, on in vitro fertilization (IVF) process in busolfan treated mice.
Materials & Methods: In this study eighteen mature female mice (25g), were divided into 6 groups and treated for 21 days. The control group received alone resolvent of busulfan (0.1 ml) intraperitoneally (IP) single dose, and sham control group received BSF alone (10mg/kg, IP/single dose) and experimental groups 1, 2, 3 received BSF(10mg/kg/single dose) with Crocin (100, 200, 400mg/kg/day, IP). Positive control group received alone Crocin (400mg/kg, IP/day). At the end of the treatment period, animals were euthanized and after performing the IVF, early embryo development was evaluated. The obtained data were compared between all groups and analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. A P-value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Results showed that, the administration of crocin along with busulfan increased significantly oocyte quality, fertilization rate, pre-implantation embryonic development and quality of embryo in comparison to group that received busulfan (P<0.05). In addition, in the group that received crocin any toxicity has not been observed.
Conclusion: The present study indicated that crocin can protect female fertility potential against busulfan induced damages.
Ramin Jahangirfard, Ahmad Reza Raji, Amir Moghaddam Jafari, Hossein Nourani,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (6-2020)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Nano titanium dioxide particles (TiO2) are chemical compounds that are widely used in industrial and foodstuff such as cosmetics, toothpaste, colored materials, and non-fat milk whitening. Vitamin E (Vit E) is a dietary compound that functions as an antioxidant scavenging free radicals. The goal of this study was to carry out the protective effect of vitamin E on histomorphometry, oxidative stress factors and biochemical parameters as well as testosterone concentration.
Materials & Methods: In the present study, 35 adult male mice were divided into 7 control and experimental groups. The experimental groups received TiO2 at 2.5, 5 and 10 doses, and the positive control group received vitamin E (100 IU) mg/kg alone (by gavage tube). After treatment, animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation and testes samples were taken. The level of p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The results of histomorphometry revealed that the weight of testis and body, testicular capsule thickness, seminiferous tubules diameter, germinal epithelium height, spermiogenesis and meiotic indices were reduced while sertoli cells and repopulation index had no significant changes. Also, biochemical results showed the Malondialdehyde was enhanced and it diminished the total antioxidant capacity, catalase enzyme activity, protein content, as well as testosterone concentration. (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The TiO2 nanoparticles caused detrimental pathologic effects when used at the highest doses. However, vitamin E could ameliorate the toxic effects of TiO2-induced on testicular tissue in experimental animals.
Maryam Niakani, Hassan Malekinejad, Ahmad Majd, Parviz Pakzad,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Acute toxicity assessment is the first priority in the determination of any related risk to the biologically unknown chemicals to human and animals. LD50 determination as an accepted model of acute toxicity assay in animal models for a new drug in clinical trials is one of the important requirements of the drug launching process. Prodigiosin is a substance extracted from Serratia marcescens and has antitumor and antifungal activities. Thus, in this study, acute toxicity of prodigiosin was determined using the lowest number of laboratory animals.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, different doses of prodigiosin were administered intraperitoneally in male mice. Twenty four hours after injection, alongside examining behavior of the animals receiving the prodigiosin, some organs including the heart, liver, kidney, spleen, intestine and lung were sampled, and after paraffin block preparation and microtome cutting, they were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined by light microscopy.
Results: The results of this study indicated that LD50 for prodigiosin is 4500 mg / kg, when administered intraperitoneally and histopathological findings indicate very slight and minor damage to the liver, kidney and spleen, while no remarkable damage on other organs including the heart, lung and intestine was observed.
Conclusion: Based on the results of current study and estimated LD50 level, it is suggested that prodigiosin can be categorized as a safe compound with the least histopathological impact on the vital organs.
Milad Sheydaei, Ebrahim Alinia-Ahandani,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (8-2020)
Abstract
With the daily advancement of science and the use of different sciences in medicine, new achievements are made for the treatment of human beings. One of the pioneering sciences in this field is polymer engineering, these magical macromolecules can be designed to be used in a variety of fields. They can be used as a prosthesis, drug carrier, gene delivery, etc. In recent years, they have come to the service of medicine to diagnose and treat cancers. Polymers are a good candidate for the release of anti-cancer drugs. Timely release, non-toxicity, and biodegradability are important features of a carrier. These properties are found in many synthetic and natural polymers and can be used by designing their structure for a unique application. This study summarizes cancer statistics in the United States and Iran, and introduces several polymer-carriers such as dendrimer, chitosan, and micelle used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
