Showing 13 results for Pain
Kazem Javanmardi, Ava Soltanihekmat, Masoomeh Shekoohi, Parisa Hasanein, Mehdi Bakhshi, Roghayeh Ghodsi, Leila Rezaeian, Akhtar Bordbar,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objective: The parabrachial nucleus is a critical link in the transmission of short latency nociceptive information to midbrain neurons. GABA(A) receptors have bidirectional roles in controlling nociception and are abundant in the parabrachial region . We examined the effects of bilateral intra parabrachial microinjection of different doses of the GABA(A) receptor agonist, muscimol, and the GABA(A) receptor antagonist, bicuculline, on pain modulation using a tail-flick test
.
Materials & Methods: Rats were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (55 mg/kg) and then special cannulas were inserted stereotaxically into the parabrachial nucleus. After 1 week of recovery, the effects of microinjection of muscimol, (62.5, 125,250 ng/side) or bicuculline, (50,100,200 ng/side) into the parabrachial on tail flick latencies were assessed. Tail-flick latencies were measured for 60 minutes every 5 min after drug microinjection.
Results: Microinjection of muscimol (62.5, 125 ng/side) and bicuculline (50,100,200 ng/side) into the parabrachial did not have any statistically significant effect on tail-flick latency.
Administration of, muscimol, (250 ng/side) produced thermal hyperalgesia (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that in this model of pain gaba a receptors in the paracrachial region are not Endogenously activated but these receptors in this region have a potential to affect pain modulation.
Leila Nikrouz, Shahnaz Rostami, Houshang Alijani Renani , Abdolrahman Rasekh, Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Ignoring pain especially in infancy causes serious complications. Considering recent studies about
sedative effect of breast-feeding and oral glucose on neonates, this study was
performed to survey each method after neonatal period.
Materials and Methods: This study is a triple blind clinical trial on 211 infants aged 2, 4,and 6 months, which were randomly categorized into
control, breast-fed, and oral glucose groups. Interventions were performed two minutes before
injecting DPT vaccine. The infants’ reactions were recorded before,
during, and after intervention. Two experts evaluated pain intensity by Modified
Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS). The
crying duration was measure by chronometer in second.
Results:
Pain intensities for breast-fed, oral glucose, and control groups were
5.77±0.18, 6.63±0.16, and 5.87±0.22, respectively. Least
Significant Difference (LSD) test showed that MBPS was significantly lower in breast-fed compared to oral glucose
group (P value=0.014). The difference between breast-fed and
control groups was not significant. Crying duration did
not have significant difference among the three groups.
Conclusion: It seems that breast-feeding has
better effect on vaccination pain compared to oral glucose.
M Rahmati, A Kazemi, M Bagherian Rafsanjani, J Taherabadi, M Madahi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (11-2015)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Painful neuropathy is a state resulting from somatosensory disease or injury. Neurotrophins such as NT-4 are crucial for neural growth and development and protect the integrity of function and structure of nervous system. Paying heed to the importance of physical activity in neural plasticity, this study focuses on the investigation of chronic effect of decreased activity on the form of spinal nerve ligation on NT-4 gene expression of male Wistar rat’s sciatic nerve fiber.
Materials & Methods: Ten adult male Wistar rats in the weight range of 250±30 gr were randomly divided into two groups, including one healthy control group (C) and one group with decreased physical activity (SNL). Over six weeks, neuropathic pain behavior tests were conducted continually in both groups. At the end of the sixth week, the changes in NT-4 gene expression in sciatic nerve were measured with Real time technique.
Results: The behavioral tests demonstrated that spinal nerve ligation induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in the SNL group. Decreased pain threshold was observed throughout the study period (p<0.05). Additionally, in comparison with the C group, NT-4 gene expression in sciatic nerve fiber was significantly higher in the SNL group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In the present study, it was discovered that the decreased activity in the form of SNL is associated with increased NT-4 gene expression in the experimental group. With respect to the physiologic functions of NT-4 in nervous system, this elevation is probably a mechanism for neurogenesis in the injured area, and based on the previous studies, it seems that the increased activity could enhance the increased NT-4 gene expression and accelerate neurogenesis.
Babak Farzad, Hamid Rajabi, Seyed Behnamedin Jameie, Reza Gharakhanlou, Parisa Hayat, Farinaz Nasiri Nejad, . Sima Damani,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2016)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Unknown mechanisms are involved in neuropathic pain. Among the non-pharmacological treatments, it seems that physical activity improves neuropathic pain. However, the possible reasons for the effectiveness of regular physical activity on neuropathic pain are unknown. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the effects of two-week swimming training on the expression of GAD65 enzyme and P2X3 receptor in Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve.
Materials & Methods: 40Wistar adult rats were divided into five groups randomly: 1) CCI neuropathic pain with swimming training (CCIST2); 2) CCI neuropathic pain without swimming training (CCI); 3) No CCI neuropathic pain with swimming training (ST2); No CCI neuropathic pain without swimming training (control group); 5) CCI sham surgery (Sham CCI). CCI and CCIST2 groups underwent peripheral nerve injury by four loose ligatures around sciatic nerve. Swimming program included two weeks with five sessions per week, and 30-60 min per session. The protein expressions of GAD65 enzyme and P2X3 receptor were evaluated by western blotting technique.
Results: CCI surgery decreased the expression of GAD65, but two weeks swimming training increased expression of GAD65 comparing to CCI and Sham CCI groups (P≤0.001), but P2X3 receptor expression were not significantly different among groups in lumbar segment of rats (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Totally, our findings showed that two-week swimming training improves neuropathic pain possibly through maintenance of inhibitory neurons and subsequently increased GAD65, which converts glutamate excitatory neurotransmitter to GABA inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Ali Mojtahedin,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (11-2016)
Abstract
Background & Objective: One of the plants used in traditional medicine is lemon which has analgesic effect. However, little research has been performed on the analgesic effect of lemon and mechanisms of action with an emphasis on neurotransmitters systems. Therefore, the present study set to investigate the peripheral effects of lemon essential oil on somatic pain using formalin test with an emphasis on histaminergic system in male Wistar rats.
Materiala & Methods: Sixty male rats weighing approximately 200-250g and aged 14-16 wk were divided into 10 groups: sham (Salin + Formalin 1% intraplantar), three treatment groups with lemon essential oil (EO) (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg), three treatment groups with Chlorpheniramine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), 1 treatment group with Histamine (10 mg/kg), 1 pretreatment group with Chlorpheniramine (20 mg/kg) + EO (50mg/kg), and 1 pretreatment group with Histamine (10 mg/kg) + EO (50 mg/kg). Formalin test was used to assess somatic pain. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA.
Results: Intraperitoneal injection of lemon essential oil reduced the pain response induced by formalin in both phases (P<0.05). Pretreatment with chlorpheniramine and lemon essential oil enhanced the analgesic response in both phases (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Lemon essential oil had analgesic effects, probably caused by the histaminergic system.
Maryam Siavashi, Rahim Ahmadi, Behrooz Khakpoor,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Studies have shown that exposure to oil paint and chemical vapor emissions is followed by physiological disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of inhalation of oil-paint fumes of construction industry on serum level of FSH, LH, Estradiol and 17-Alpha- Hydroxyprogesterone in female rats.
Material & Methods: In this experimental study, 15 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and groups exposed to paint vapor emissions for 1 and 8 h/day. After 10 weeks, blood samples were prepared using cardiac puncture method and after serum preparation, level of FSH, LH, estradiol and 17-alpha- hydroxyprogesterone was measured by radioimmunoassay method and finally data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with a significance level of P<0.05
Results: The mean serum levels of FSH and LH in experimental groups which inhaled oil-paint fumes for 1 and 8 h/day increased significantly (P<0.001 and P<0.05) and the mean serum levels of estradiol and 17-alpha- hydroxyprogesterone in both groups had a significant reduction (P<0.001 and P<0.01) compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Results show that exposure to oil paint fumes, due to their components such as heavy metals and paint solvent, by some possible mechanisms such as free radical formation, and oxidative stress induction could disrupt the secretion of FSH, LH, Estradiol and 17-Alpha- Hydroxyprogesterone hormones
Mitra Gholizade Nikpey, Ali Mojtahedin, Reza Seyedsharifi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Silymarin is an effective material of Milk thistle whose therapeutic effects have been mentioned in folk medicine. However, little research has been conducted on its antinociceptive effect and its mechanisms of action. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the pain-relieving effects of silymarin using Formalin test with an emphasis on histaminergic system in rats.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male rats weighing approximately 200-250 g aged 12-14 weeks were divided into 7 groups with 6 rats in each group: control group (Saline + Formalin 1% intraplantar), 4 treatment groups with silymarin (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), 1 treatment group with chlorpheniramine (20 mg/kg), 1 pretreatment group with chlorpheniramine (20 mg/kg) + silymarin (200 mg/kg). Formalin test was used to assess somatic pain. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.
Results: Intraperitoneal injection of silymarin significantly reduced pain response in both the first and second phase of formalin pain (P<0.05). Pretreatment with chlorpheniramine and then silymarin enhanced the analgesic response in both phases of formalin pain (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Silymarin has analgesic effects and these effects are probably caused by using the histaminergic system.
Parisa Moradikelardeh, Mehrdad Taheri, Habib Zakeri,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background & objective: Chronic low back pain is one of the most common disorders associated with chronic pain that is correlated with a wide range of psychological issue such as problems in sleep pattern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep pattern and chronic low back pain.
Materials & Methods: The research method was cross-sectional- descriptive–analytic and the statistical populations were residents of Sheshdeh of Fars province. Among them 1,366 people participated in the study by convenience sampling method. The instrument included a questionnaire of Persian cohort, Oswestry inventory and McGill Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS . V-24 software.
Results: 90.9% of the subjects were male and 39.09% were female. The results showed that there is a reverse relationship between the LBP، pattern and the quality of sleep, and with the increase in pain, the amount of sleep decreases.
Conclusion: results of this study indicate that the quality of sleep should be considered in treatment of patients with chronic pain, especially those with chronic LBP.
Alireza Jalayee, Tahereh Gholami, Azizollah Dehghan, Habib Zakeri,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Low back pain is a common complaint that many people face throughout their lives. It is one of the most costly health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain and risk factors for lifestyle in opioid users and non-opioid drug users in the population of Fasa Persian cohort.
Materials & Methods: The research method was cross-sectional-descriptive-analytical and the statistical population of the study was the residents of Sheshdeh in Fars province among whom 10,000 people were selected by census method. The instrument used was a national cohort questionnaire and in order to analyze the data, descriptive statistical tests, chi-square, independent t-test as well as logistic regression were used to model and estimate the odds ratio (OR) in SPSS24 software.
Results: The results showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between low back pain and opium, hookah, cigarette and alcohol consumption (P <0.000). With increasing one year of age, the chance of low back pain increases 1.02 times (CI = 1.019-01.191, OR = 1.02). Also, women have 1.67 times more chance of low back pain (CI = 1.44 / 1.94, 67 OR = 1.1) Moreover, people who smoke hookah have 1.43 times more back pain (CI = 0.526-0.92, OR = 1.43). The chance of low back pain in people who sneeze is 2.50 times higher (CI = 1.34-3.67, OR = 2.50). The chance of low back pain in people who smoke is 1.20 times higher (CI = 1.03-1.032 / C1, OR = 1.20) and with an increase in BMI, the chance of low back pain in people increases by 1.017 times (029 / 1-017 / 1 = CI, 017/1 = OR).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that there is no difference between opioid (opium) and non-opioid drugs (cigarettes, hookah, nasal sprays and alcohol) with low back pain and these substances decreased calcium levels due to their effect on the musculoskeletal system and increased bone mass density and eventually lead to low back pain in consumers.
Reza Sadeghi, Tahereh Gholami, Azizollah Dehghan, Habib Zakeri, Saeedeh Zareei,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background & objective: Chronic low-back pain is one of the most common disorders associated with chronic pain and is one of the costliest health care problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between back pain and physical activity in different occupations.
Materials & Methods: The research method was cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic and the statistical population of the study was the residents of Shashdeh in the city of Fasa in Fars province among whom 10,000 people were selected by census method. The instrument used was a national cohort questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive statistical tests, chi-square, independent t-test as well as logistic regression were used to model and estimate the odds ratio (OR) in SPSS-24 software.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of age of the participants in the study was 48.64 (9.57) and 54.8% of the study population were women. There was a significant difference between gender and low-back pain (P <0.000). With increasing one year of age, the chance of low-back pain increases 1.025 times (CI = 1.019 / 1.019 / 1.01, OR = 1.025). and people with heavy work status were 1.52 times more likely to have low-back pain compared with housewives (CI = 1.255 / 1-253, OR = 1.52)
Conclusion: Based on the results, it is suggested that intervention measures be taken to prevent low-back pain so that these disorders can be controlled in the future. Also, by training all people to perform physical activity and the principles of ergonomics in the workplace, it helps to improve the physical and mental health of people and causes better performance.
Sarah Hojjati, Salman Vojdani, Seyyed Mohammad Amin Hosseini,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background & Objective: The cesarean section increases worldwide and has many side effects, including acute pain. This study investigated the relationship between physical activity during pregnancy, analgesic consumption, and maximal postoperative pain in women with low segment cesarean section.
Materials & Methods: 340 Cesarean section women were interviewed by demographic and global physical activity questionnaires during the pre-operative visits. The participants were categorized into high, moderate, and low physical activity groups (high PA, moderate PA, low PA, respectively) according to the global physical activity questionnaire guidelines. The maximal postoperative pain (MPP), the type, and doses of analgesia used/2 days were recorded. Pearson correlation, Chi-square, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data.
Results: MPP was reduced in the high PA group (5.48 ±1.72) compared to the moderate (6.46±1.30) and low PA groups (6.97±1.92; p<0.0005, p<0.0005, respectively). There was a difference between the moderate and low PA groups (p=0.04). Paracetamol was the common analgesic without significant difference among groups (p=0.37). The numbers of paracetamol doses significantly reduced in the high PA group (3.31±1.65) compared to the low PA group (4.03±2.01, p=0.01). MPP had a significant and low negative correlation with total physical activity (r=-0.25, p=0.0005). There was a negative significant correlation between occupation (r=-.491, p=0.0005), recreational (r=-.262, p=0.0005), and travel activities (r=-.150. p=0.006) with MPP. There was a low positive correlation between sedentary activity and MPP (r=0.23, p=0.0005).
Conclusions: Maternal physical activity can be a non-pharmacological and cost-effective method of pain management.
Salman Vojdani, Sarah Hojjati, Zahra Sadeghi Mazidi, Maryam Talebi Moghaddam ,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: There is conflicting evidence regarding the effects of exercise on shoulder impingement syndrome. Exercise therapy is one of the methods used to reduce pain and increase muscle strength in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. There are several exercise therapy programs available in this area. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise therapy on pain and disability in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome.
Materials & Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 25 patients with impingement syndrome from the Dastgheib Yasaei Pain Clinic in Fasa. Patients were randomized to receive medication (n=13) or medication plus exercise therapy (n=12). The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Verbal Numeric Rating Scale were used to measure disability and pain intensity before and after the intervention. Patient satisfaction was measured using the Likert scale. Independent and paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-squared were performed at a significant level of P≤0.05. Analyses were performed with SPSS software (version 25.0).
Results: There were no differences between groups in pre-intervention demographics (P>0.05), pain intensity (P=0.16), and ODI scores (0.93). Post-intervention pain and ODI scores were significantly higher in the medication group than in the medication-exercise group (P=0.06, P=0.03, respectively). There was a significant difference in pain and ODI scores at post-intervention compared to pre-intervention in both groups (P<0.001). The difference in pain intensity between pre- and post-intervention in both groups was also statistically significant (P=0.006). There was a significant difference in patient satisfaction between groups (P=0.03).
Conclusion: These results suggest that a regular exercise program, along with medication, may be effective in reducing pain and disability in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome.
Leila Khangah, Mahnaz Kesmati, Ali Shahriari, Mehran Dorostghoal, Mozhgan Torabi,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (6-2025)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Stroke is a major consequence of cerebral ischemia. This study investigated the effects of peanut skin extract (PSE) (or Arachis hypogaea) on behavioral, biochemical, and histological parameters of the hippocampus in rats subjected to global ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, adult male Wistar rats were assigned to the following groups: control (no I/R and no manipulation; received 0.9% saline), sham (no I/R; surgical site opened; received 0.9% saline), PSE (100 mg/kg), I/R, and I/R + PSE (10 and 100 mg/kg). Ischemia was induced by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 20 minutes, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. PSE was extracted using the maceration method and was administered following 24 hours of ischemia induction and then given daily for 1 week. Anxiety-like behavior, pain perception, and recognition memory were assessed after the final injection. Hippocampal microscopic structure and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and serum oxidative stress markers were measured.
Results: PSE improved anxiety-like behavior, pain perception, and recognition memory in I/R rats (P < 0.05). I/R decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities (both P < 0.001) and increased serum (P < 0.05) and hippocampal AChE activity (P < 0.01). PSE treatment decreased GSSG levels and AChE activity (P < 0.01) and increased catalase activity (P < 0.01). PSE treatment reduced the percentage of dead pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region of I/R rats (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: PSE appears to exert neuroprotective effects, likely by reducing oxidative stress markers and attenuating histopathological damage in the hippocampus.
