en روانشناسي باليني Clinical Psychology پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2f5496">Background & Objectives:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> This study aimed to examine the comparative effectiveness of mindfulness therapy, cognitive rehabilitation exercises, and drug therapy in addressing non-motor symptoms among patients with Parkinson&rsquo;s disease (PD).</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2f5496">Materials & Methods:</span></span></span></b> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">This applied research, employing an experimental design, utilized a single-factor model with two levels and three groups analyzed through a mixed-method approach. The study population included Parkinson&#39;s patients in Shiraz, and the sample was selected purposively based on Cohen&#39;s (1986) experimental research sample size table, comprising 18 participants per group including mindfulness, pharmacotherapy (Escitalopram) as control and cognitive rehabilitation, totaling 54 participants. Instruments used for the assessment and diagnosis of disorders, as conducted by a clinical specialist, included the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), SCID-5-CV, MMSE (to screen for dementia), and the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale for Parkinson&#39;s Patients (NMSS).</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2f5496">Results:</span></span></span></b> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The findings confirmed the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy and cognitive rehabilitation in mitigating non-motor symptoms, including cardiovascular issues, sleep disturbances, fatigue, mood and cognitive impairments, perceptual problems and hallucinations, attention and memory deficits, and dysfunctions in the digestive, urinary, and sexual systems, along with other miscellaneous conditions (P < 0.05).</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2f5496">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Based on the findings, it is recommended that Parkinson&#39;s care centers implement mindfulness therapy and cognitive rehabilitation exercises to enhance the aforementioned components, thereby contributing to the overall well-being of PD patients.</span></span></span></span></div> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Mindfulness, Cognitive rehabilitation, Parkinson, Elderly, Non-Motor symptoms 282 294 http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3411-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohammad Hossein Arab محمدحسین عرب mharabshz@gmail.com 100319475328460029318 0009-0009-4939-6134 Yes Department of Psychology, Booshehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Booshehr, Iran گروه روانشناسی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران Moloud Keykhosaravani مولود کی خسروانی moloud.keykhosravani@gmail.com 100319475328460029319 100319475328460029319 No Department of Psychology, Booshehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Booshehr, Iran گروه روانشناسی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران Hossein Baghooli حسین بقولی ramin3677s@yahoo.com 100319475328460029320 100319475328460029320 No Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran گروه روانشناسی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران Vahid Reza Ostovan وحید رضا استوان ramin3677s@gmail.com 100319475328460029321 100319475328460029321 No Department of Neurology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran گروه مغز و اعصاب، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران